William at wood



' is substantially Nrrnn STATES WILLIAM ATVVOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PE TR OLE UM DISTILLATE FOR LUBR ICATING PURPOSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,153, dated April 6, 1880.

Application filed September 1, 1879. I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ATWOOD, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new, useful, and Improved Article of Manufacture consisting of a Petroleum Distillate for Lubricating Purposes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, and of the mode inwhich I manufacture the same.

My improved lubrieator or machinery oil is a distillate of petroleum of light-yellow color, of great viscidity and of a gravity ranging from 20 down to 16 Baum, and is substantially free from light oils and from offensive odor.

The heavy distillates of petroleum procured by the ordinary process of distillation necessarily contain admixed with them a large per cent-age of oil of lighter gravity, which makes them of higher gravity than they otherwise would be, and lessens their viscidity; they are also apt to contain a sufficient amount of the offensive odorous particles which are generated in the distillation ofpetroleum, and with which the heavy gravity distillates are peculiarly liable to be contaminated.

I have invented a new process of distillation of hydrocarbon oils, by means of which I am enabled to produce a distillate of petroleum which is of very low specific gravity Baum, is substantially free from offensive odor, and is of an exceptional degree of viscidity, forming a new article of manufacture.

This process, which forms the subject-matter of a separate application for Letters Patent,

as follows The oil to be distilled may be either crude petroleum or a distillate of petroleum, and may be subjected to the ordinary treatment with acid and alkali, either before or after being subjected to the process of distillation which I am about to dc scribe. The oil is charged into a still of any ordinary construction, which is heated with fire. Steam also may be employed to facilitate evaporation of the oil, it being desirable to vaporize it as rapidily as possible. The still has a low dome or goose-neck, so that the vapors of distillation may pass off from it as rapidly as possible, in order that none, or as little as possible, of the vaporized oil may run back into the sun, it being desirable by my process to avoid the result known in the art as cracking. As near as possible to the still is a small receptacle,- into which the goose- 5 5 neck from the still enters, and into which it discharges the vapor condensed before reach- .ing that point. From this receptacle rises a coil of pipe of large diameter, which is preferably coiled immediately above the still, so

as to be subjected to the heat radiated therefrdm. Through this coil, which I call an aircondenser, the uncondeused vapor rises, and the heavy particles of vapor are condensed in it, and run down through it into the receptacle before mentioned, and in so doing meet the ascending hot vapors from the still. From the top of this air-condenser the pipe is reduced in diameter, and thence has a downward inclination from the air-condenser to a refriger- 7o ating-coil immersed in a tank which is supplied with a constant streaniof infiuent cold water,and from the farther extremity of this refrigerating coil or condenser the pipe conducts the condensed distillate to a suitable receptacle.

The distillate thus procured is oil of comparatively light gravity, and not the heavy distillate which forms the subjectof my present invention, because all the light-oil vapors and the volatile particles which give the peculiarvdisgustin g odor to petroleum distillates rise up through the air-condenser and past its highest point into the descending pipe, and

thus are prevented from mingling with the heavier vapors condensed in the air-condenser.

The petroleum vapors-which condense in the air-condenser run down into the receptacle first described. From this heavy-oil recep-- tacle a pipe leads to a separate coil in the re- 0 frigerator before mentioned, or into a separate refrigerator, as preferred. Between this receptacle and the refrigerating-coil is a trap or liquid seal, which may be simply a U-shaped bend in the pipe. condensed vapor or heavy oil, and prevents the passage ofany vapors, gases, or volatile particles, while it allows the free passage of y the condensed heavy distillate to the refrigerating-worm. This refrigerating-worm does not act as a condenser, because nothing but condensed oil can reach it; but it IS euiployei This trap is always full of 5 niachinery-oil, and is caught in a separate reto cool the distillate out of contact with the atmosphere, as otherwise its great heat would cause it to ignite on contact with the air.

If crude oil is subjected to this-treatment the first run of distillate through the trap and cooling-worm, although heavier in gravity than that which runs from the upper worm or condenser, will not be of sufficient gravity for lubricating-oil, but as the gravity increases with the continuance of the process, toward the latter part of the run the distillate will be found to have reached as Iowa gravity as 20 Baum, and will continue to run of decreasing gravity down as low as 16 Banm. This heavy distillate is my improved product of ccptacle. It is of orange color with .aslight greenish tinge, of a gravity of 20 Baum or under, of great viscidity, and almost entirely free from offensive odor, but having an oily smell.

The oil thus produced may be used for lubricating purposes as it runs from the coolingworm, or, if not previously so treated, may be bleached with acid and alkali in the ordinary and well-known manner.

This product is essentially different and readily distinguishable from the heavy residuum of distillation of petroleum purified from fixed carbon and other coloring-matter by and not amorphous. It is also of a lowergravit-y, ranging from 20 down to 16 Baum. The distillate thus procured is a product hitherto unknown to the trade, and is of great utility as machinery-oil.

What I claim as my invention, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The above-described heavy hydrocarbon distillate, having an orange color with slight greenish tinge, of a gravity from 20 to 16 Banm, and high degree of viscidity, and subslight oily smell, and containing parafline in a crystallizable state, as a new article of manufacture. g 7 e In testimony whereof I, thesaid WILLIAM ATWOOD, have hereunto set my hand.

\VM. ATWOOD; Witnesses:

R. W. BURKE, OHAs. W. MORSE.

'stantially free from ofiensive odor, with a Y 

